Global trade
Prototype

🇮🇳 India

Asia-Pacific · Services-led exporter · structural goods deficit

Live Trade & External DataWorld Bank · IMF · OECD
Current Account / GDP
-1.5%
2028 · imf
Total Exports
$880.7B
2025 · world_bank
FDI Inflows
$27,140
2024 · world_bank
GDP Growth
+6.5%
2028 · imf
Total exports
$480B
Total imports
$740B
Trade balance
−$125B
Exports / GDP
22%
Largest partner
United States
Supply-chain risk
Elevated

Trade & Global Position Brief

AI-Assisted Trade Assessment · separated from verified data

India runs a wide goods deficit driven by crude oil and electronics imports, partially offset by a strong services surplus led by IT exports. The United States is the largest export market, while the UAE and Russia anchor the energy supply. Production-linked incentives are accelerating electronics and pharma exports.

Goods deficit −$290BServices surplus +$165BIT services exports >$200B
Confidence: Medium (74/100) · Uncertainty: Crude oil price trajectory and rupee path.

Trade balance

Verified mock data · monthly and annual

Goods balance
−$290B
Services balance
$165B
Exports trend
▲ $480B
Imports trend
▲ $740B
Monthly balance (last 12 months)
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Annual balance
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

Main exports

Product / serviceValueShareMain destinationTrendMain companiesExposureRisk
IT & business services$205B42.7%United StatesupTCS, Infosys, WiproServicesLow
Refined petroleum$75B15.6%SingaporeupReliance Industries, NayaraEnergyModerate
Gems & jewellery$38B7.9%UAEflatTitanConsumerModerate
Pharmaceuticals$27B5.6%United StatesupSun Pharma, Dr. Reddy'sHealthcareLow
Electronics (assembled)$32B6.7%United StatesupFoxconn India, Tata ElectronicsManufacturingModerate
Engineering goods$110B22.9%United StatesupL&T, Bharat ForgeIndustrialsModerate

Main imports

Product / serviceValueShareMain originDependencyDomestic alternativesAffected sectorsRisk
Crude oil$165B22.3%RussiaCriticalVery limitedEnergy, TransportHigh
Electronics & components$95B12.8%ChinaHighGrowing via PLITechnologyElevated
Gold$45B6.1%SwitzerlandHighLimitedConsumer, ReservesModerate
Coal$38B5.1%IndonesiaHighDomestic coalPowerModerate
Machinery$55B7.4%ChinaModerateEmergingIndustrialsModerate
Fertilizers$12B1.6%RussiaHighLimitedAgricultureElevated

Trade partners

Ranked bilateral relationships · mock prototype

PartnerAnnualMain goods / servicesBalanceTrendImportanceDependencyRisk
🇺🇸 United States$130BIT services, pharma, gems$48BupStrategicModerateLow
🇮🇳 🇨🇳 China$118BElectronics, chemicals−$85BupStrategicHighElevated
🇮🇳 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates$85BCrude oil, gold−$22BflatStrategicHighModerate
🇮🇳 🇷🇺 Russia$65BCrude oil, fertilizers, defense−$55BupHighHighElevated
🇪🇺 European Union$110BEngineering, pharma, textiles$12BupStrategicModerateLow
🇮🇳 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia$48BCrude oil−$32BflatStrategicHighModerate

Trade network map

Country-centered schematic of major export destinations and import origins

🇺🇸 United States
Export
Annual
$130B
Corridor
Trans-Pacific & Atlantic
🇪🇺 European Union
Export
Annual
$110B
Corridor
Suez · maritime
🇦🇪 UAE
Import
Annual
$85B
Corridor
Persian Gulf
🇷🇺 Russia
Import
Annual
$65B
Corridor
Black Sea & overland
🇨🇳 China
Import
Annual
$118B
Corridor
South & East Asia
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
Import
Annual
$48B
Corridor
Persian Gulf

Trade agreements

India–UAE CEPA

Active
India · UAE
Verified · Main sectors
Goods and services
Verified · Importance
Strategic
AI-Assisted · Main benefit
Tariff cuts on key goods; Gulf market access
AI-Assisted · Main limitation
Sensitive sectors carve-outs

ASEAN–India FTA

Active
India · ASEAN
Verified · Main sectors
Goods
Verified · Importance
High
AI-Assisted · Main benefit
Tariff harmonization across Southeast Asia
AI-Assisted · Main limitation
Under review for rebalancing

India–UK FTA

Negotiating
India · United Kingdom
Verified · Main sectors
Goods, services, investment
Verified · Importance
High
AI-Assisted · Main benefit
Services and Scotch whisky access
AI-Assisted · Main limitation
Mobility chapter pending

India–EU FTA

Negotiating
India · EU
Verified · Main sectors
Goods, services, IP
Verified · Importance
Strategic
AI-Assisted · Main benefit
Major market access
AI-Assisted · Main limitation
Long-running negotiations

Supply-chain position

Higher score = higher risk · mock prototype

Shipping Route Dependence

High
Score 67/100Trend: up
Driver: Red Sea reroutes lengthen Asia–Europe transit times.
Stabilizer: Diversified Pacific and trans-Atlantic routes.

Port Congestion

Elevated
Score 64/100Trend: flat
Driver: Selective congestion at Singapore and Mediterranean hubs.
Stabilizer: Investment in port capacity across the Gulf.

Import Concentration

Elevated
Score 71/100Trend: up
Driver: Heavy reliance on a small set of suppliers for electronics inputs.
Stabilizer: Active supplier diversification by major OEMs.

Supplier Concentration

Elevated
Score 66/100Trend: up
Driver: Concentration in critical minerals and chemicals.
Stabilizer: Strategic stockpiles in advanced economies.

Energy Dependence

High
Score 65/100Trend: flat
Driver: Hydrocarbon imports concentrated by region.
Stabilizer: Renewables build-out and LNG diversification.

Semiconductor Dependence

Critical
Score 88/100Trend: up
Driver: Advanced-node manufacturing concentrated in East Asia.
Stabilizer: US, EU and India fab investments.

Food Import Dependence

Elevated
Score 61/100Trend: flat
Driver: Several regions structurally reliant on grain imports.
Stabilizer: Diversified supplier base post-Ukraine.

Critical Mineral Dependence

High
Score 84/100Trend: up
Driver: Lithium, cobalt and rare-earths concentration.
Stabilizer: New mining projects in Latin America and Africa.

Geopolitical Exposure

High
Score 63/100Trend: up
Driver: Tariff escalation and sanctions regimes.
Stabilizer: Plurilateral coordination among G7 economies.

Currency Exposure

Moderate
Score 56/100Trend: flat
Driver: USD funding stress in select EMs.
Stabilizer: Deeper FX reserves at major EMs.

Trade Restriction Risk

Elevated
Score 68/100Trend: up
Driver: Rising export controls on tech and critical inputs.
Stabilizer: Negotiated carve-outs for allies.

Logistics Infrastructure

Moderate
Score 51/100Trend: down
Driver: Capacity adds at major Gulf and Asian ports.
Stabilizer: Multi-modal investments in NA and EU.

Commodity exposure

CommodityExport exp.Import exp.Fiscal dep.FX sensitivityAffected sectorsRisk
OilHighHighHighHighEnergy, TransportElevated
Natural GasModerateHighModerateModerateUtilities, IndustryElevated
CoalModerateModerateModerateLowPower, SteelModerate
GoldModerateModerateLowModerateJewelry, ReservesLow
CopperHighModerateModerateModerateConstruction, EVsElevated
Iron OreHighModerateModerateModerateSteelModerate
LithiumHighHighLowLowBatteries, EVsHigh
Agricultural CommoditiesHighHighModerateModerateFood, AgribusinessModerate
Food ImportsLowHighModerateHighRetail, HouseholdsElevated
FertilizersModerateHighLowModerateAgricultureElevated

Foreign investment

Inward, outward and net FDI · mock prototype

Inward FDI
$72B
Outward FDI
$18B
Net FDI
$54B

Main investor countries

  • 🇺🇸 United States24%
  • 🇸🇬 Singapore20%
  • 🇲🇺 Mauritius12%
  • 🇯🇵 Japan9%

Main destination sectors

  • Services28%
  • Computer Software18%
  • Manufacturing17%
  • Telecom8%
Verified · Strategic projects
Foxconn–Vedanta semiconductor JV · Tata–Apple iPhone assembly · Vande Bharat rail expansion
Verified · Regulatory environment
Streamlined approval routes for most sectors; security review in sensitive areas.
AI-Assisted · Main opportunity
Electronics manufacturing, semiconductors, renewables.
AI-Assisted · Main concern
Tax-policy reversals and state-level approvals.

Trade-related companies

Connected via the Companies & Sectors system

CompanyTickerSectorTrade roleExport exp.Import exp.ImportanceRisk
Reliance IndustriesRELIANCEEnergyRefined fuels exporter / crude importerHighCritical92ModerateOpen →
TCSTCSTechnologyServices exporterCriticalLow88Low
InfosysINFYTechnologyServices exporterCriticalLow82Low
Tata SteelTATASTEELMaterialsSteel exporter / coking-coal importerHighHigh70Moderate

Trade-related sectors

SectorExport shareImport dep.BalanceEmploymentFX sens.Comm. sens.Main partnerRisk / opportunity
Technology43%Low$180BHighModerateLowUnited StatesUS visa policy and AI substitution / Generative AI services
Energy16%High−$90BHighHighHighRussiaCrude-price spikes / Refined-product exports
Pharma6%Moderate$18BHighModerateLowUnited StatesFDA compliance / Biosimilars and CDMO

Trade intelligence events

Verified facts, observed market reaction and AI-assisted assessment kept separate

Major export contract

India expands electronics PLI to cover laptops and tablets

2026-05-30 · Confidence: Medium
Verified · Verified facts
PLI extended for five years · Eligible outlay raised by 35% · New entrants include Tata Electronics
Verified · Observed market reaction
Nifty IT +0.6% · Tata Group equities +1.4% · INR steady
AI-Assisted · AI-Assisted assessment
PLI extension deepens India's role in electronics assembly. Net trade impact positive over 12–24 months despite higher input imports.
Sectors: Electronics, Manufacturing
Companies: Tata Electronics, Foxconn
FX: Mild INR support medium-term
Country risk: Lower import dependency over time
Trade: Improves manufactured-goods exports
Trade agreement

India–UAE CEPA: bilateral trade up 25% since signing

2026-05-01 · Confidence: High
Verified · Verified facts
Bilateral trade above $85B · Gold and jewellery flows expanded · Logistics corridors deepened
Verified · Observed market reaction
Indian jewellery equities +0.8% · AED–INR stable
AI-Assisted · AI-Assisted assessment
CEPA continues to deliver outsized growth in goods trade; services chapter gains traction.
Sectors: Consumer, Logistics
Companies: Titan, DP World India
FX: Neutral
Country risk: Lower partner concentration risk
Trade: Stronger Gulf trade lane

Trade risk profile

Internal platform view · mock prototype

Export concentration risk

Moderate
Score 45/100Trend: flat
Driver: Heavy reliance on services exports
Stabilizer: Diversification into manufacturing

Import dependency risk

High
Score 78/100Trend: up
Driver: Crude oil and electronics imports
Stabilizer: Domestic refining and PLI

Partner concentration risk

Moderate
Score 50/100Trend: flat
Driver: Concentration in US, EU and Gulf
Stabilizer: Active FTA agenda

Commodity exposure risk

High
Score 72/100Trend: up
Driver: Crude and gold imports
Stabilizer: Strategic petroleum reserves

Shipping-route risk

Elevated
Score 62/100Trend: up
Driver: Red Sea exposure
Stabilizer: Cape rerouting options

Sanctions risk

Moderate
Score 48/100Trend: flat
Driver: Russia oil purchases
Stabilizer: Price-cap compliance discussions

Currency risk

Elevated
Score 60/100Trend: flat
Driver: Goods deficit pressure on INR
Stabilizer: FX reserves >$650B

Geopolitical risk

Elevated
Score 55/100Trend: flat
Driver: Border tensions with China and Pakistan
Stabilizer: Active diplomatic engagement

Logistics risk

Elevated
Score 58/100Trend: down
Driver: Port congestion, last-mile gaps
Stabilizer: Gati Shakti investments

Trade-policy risk

Moderate
Score 50/100Trend: flat
Driver: Tariff revisions and quota tweaks
Stabilizer: Predictable PLI framework

Trade opportunities

Forward-looking opportunities · not guarantees

Electronics manufacturing

2–5 years

PLI-driven build-out of assembly and component ecosystems.

Electronics

IT services AI cycle

Ongoing

Generative-AI implementation services and platform engineering.

Technology

Energy refining hub

Ongoing

Refined-product exports leveraging crude flexibility.

Energy

EU and UK FTAs

12–24 months

Conclusion would unlock major market access for services and pharma.

PharmaServices

Twelve-month trade timeline

  1. 2026-06-10Trade dataMay goods trade release: deficit −$22B
  2. 2026-05-30PolicyElectronics PLI expansion
  3. 2026-05-01AgreementsIndia–UAE CEPA anniversary update
  4. 2026-03-15CommoditiesRussia crude imports record high
  5. 2026-02-08ShippingIndian ports clear backlog post Red Sea reroutes
  6. 2026-01-22InvestmentTata–Apple iPhone export milestone

What to watch

  • Monthly merchandise trade release
  • FTA negotiations with EU and UK
  • INR vs USD trajectory
  • Crude oil price moves
  • PLI scheme expansions
  • RBI FX reserves stance

Trade scenarios

Scenario Analysis — Not a Forecast

Base Case

12 months

Trigger: Stable crude, services momentum, FTA progress

Trade balance: Goods deficit stable around −$290B
Currency: INR gradual depreciation
Sectors: Services and pharma steady
Companies: IT majors stable, refiners positive
Supply chain: Gradual diversification away from China
Confidence: Medium · Uncertainty: Crude price

Positive Scenario

12–24 months

Trigger: Crude softens, EU FTA signed, PLI accelerates

Trade balance: Goods deficit narrows to −$240B
Currency: INR firmer vs USD
Sectors: Manufacturing accelerates
Companies: Electronics OEMs outperform
Supply chain: Electronics localization rises
Confidence: Low · Uncertainty: FTA timelines

Negative Scenario

6–12 months

Trigger: Crude spike, sanctions tightening, INR pressure

Trade balance: Deficit widens to −$350B
Currency: INR weakens past 90/USD
Sectors: Energy importers squeezed
Companies: Aviation and FMCG margin pressure
Supply chain: Higher input costs
Confidence: Low · Uncertainty: Geopolitical shock

All values are illustrative Mock Data. Not customs, government or real-time data. Not investment, legal or trade-policy advice.